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Pregnenolone is a pregnane-class steroid derived enzymatically from cholesterol via the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), positioned as the common biosynthetic precursor for the entire downstream steroidogenic cascade.
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Vedi i risultati di laboratorio →Pregnenolone is a pregnane-class steroid derived enzymatically from cholesterol via the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), positioned as the common biosynthetic precursor for the entire downstream steroidogenic cascade. Research interest centers on its role both as a steroidogenesis intermediate and as a neurosteroid with independent signalling activity in the central nervous system.
Research applications include steroidogenic pathway studies, neurosteroid receptor pharmacology, and CYP11A1 enzyme kinetics research.
| Chemical Formula | C21H32O2 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, 3beta-Hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one, Arthenolone, Pregnetan |
| Molar Mass | 316.5 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 145-13-1 |
| PubChem CID | 8955 |
| Total Compound Content | 5 grams |
| Shelf Life | 36 months |
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Pregnenolone is produced from cholesterol by the mitochondrial enzyme CYP11A1 (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme), representing the first and rate-limiting committed step of steroidogenesis.
From pregnenolone, tissue-specific enzymatic pathways branch toward progesterone and downstream mineralocorticoids/glucocorticoids, or toward dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and downstream androgens/estrogens, depending on which steroidogenic enzymes are expressed in a given tissue.
Research using pregnenolone as a substrate in steroidogenic cell models allows characterisation of which downstream enzymatic branch point is rate-limiting under specific experimental conditions.
Pregnenolone and its sulfated derivative (pregnenolone sulfate) are investigated for direct, rapid modulatory effects at neuronal ligand-gated ion channels — including GABA-A and NMDA receptor complexes — that occur independently of the genomic nuclear steroid receptor pathway used by downstream steroid hormones. Electrophysiological assays (patch-clamp recording of GABA-A or NMDA receptor currents) in the presence of pregnenolone or pregnenolone sulfate are the standard method for characterising this neurosteroid activity, distinct from steroidogenic enzyme-kinetics approaches used to study its biosynthetic role.
Steroidogenic cell lines (such as adrenocortical or Leydig cell-derived models) and isolated mitochondrial preparations expressing CYP11A1 are standard systems for studying cholesterol-to-pregnenolone conversion kinetics, typically using cholesterol substrate (often radiolabeled or isotope-labeled) and quantifying pregnenolone product formation by mass spectrometry or immunoassay over time. These models allow researchers to characterise how experimental conditions or co-treatments affect this rate-limiting steroidogenic step.
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